The fundamental reason why socialism has permeated the American culture and libertarianism, for the most part, has failed is that libertarianism is a political ideology that fails to address the moral nature of government while socialism embraces it. Socialism, or the government ownership of the means of production for the egalitarian benefit of the public, has not yet been achieved in America, however the political philosophy continues to thread its way through the American public like heartstrings through a quilt. Libertarianism prides itself on being an amoral ideology based on scientific or rational truths linked to utilitarianism or economics with no link to ethics except for the Golden Rule. Furthermore, Libertarianism does not address the
nature of government, but rather quivers in fear of any talk of morality. Until its advocates embrace such discussion, the socialists will win by default.
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So now, may we chat of the nature and extent of an object or being? To my understanding, something's nature is a reflection of the characteristics it enjoys. A wheel's nature is to roll, hence its flat shape and surface. It's size and extent is negligent, as there are tiny wheels such as on a Lego car, or large wheels such as a tire on an airliner. We don't look at a small wheel differently than a large one, other than what component it will move. What defines a wheel it not size or extent, but rather the nature of what it does.
For human, what makes us unique is our genetic code that provides for features and behaviors that are only possessed by one person. Man makes decisions based on the values he wishes to achieve and this is outwardly apparent through appearance and observation. The thief is distinguishable from the small-time business man in that both seek to obtain money or wealth, but we deliver a harsh punishment on the man who steals as a means of subsistence rather than the man who builds wealth through creation. It's the nature of the man that we address in moral or judgmental terms. This is necessary as reason stirs us from the rotten thief and to a deal with the honest businessman. It does not matter the height of the man, or his skin color or the brand of his favorite shirt. These characteristics do not define us as human, but rather it is our nature to think and be productive whether in business, art or science.
Now what of government? Its extent can easily by measured through statistical or monetary facts. "The government spends $500 billion on defense" or "there are 40,000 police officers in the state" are quantifiable, provable facts about government and its size. No one can dispute that the highest marginal tax rate is 36% or that entitlement spending dwarfs any other kind at the federal level. The extent of something is easily measured. From our example above, we can measure the size of the wheel but without knowing its nature, what good
is size other than a number? There has to be more to government than size.
What about context? If I said that a state's budget for healthcare provided to children was $1 billion dollars, you'd think that was a lot of money. Would it matter if the state was Rhode Island or New York? Absolutely, because we measure facts and figures in relation to others. Discussing the
extent of spending on child healthcare is even easier now that we've placed the figure in context. A billion dollars for the state of New York would be a drop in the bucket compared to a state such as Vermont, Rhode Island or Montana. Therefore, it is imporant think in context to other facts and relationships.
The
nature of government is radically different than its extent. If extent measures size, nature illustrates the characteristics the government inhabits. The nature of government is its function guided by a set of adhered to principals. A more laissez-faire government would enforce laws against fraud and other initiated violence while arbitrating honest contracts. A more socialistic government would seek to promote an egalitarian society through the state ownership of production, therefore ensuring a level field for all. The nature of the two government's is radically different; one protects liberty and promotes freedom while the other demonstrates a drive for fairness and equality of results. The fundamental nature of the two systems differs on the philosophical ground they are based on.
There is no mention of
extent in the paragraph above as measurement is not necessary in the discussion. The extent or size of government can be associated with its nature, but some individuals fail to segregate the two. How long one's chains are does not make him more or less free. A chained man is a slave notwithstanding the length of the links or the type of metal they are produced from. One cannot be half-dead or half-pregnant; what is A cannot be not-A in the same fashion. In the same way, the military of a nation can be judged both by its extent and nature. For a laissez-faire society, the military's role is to protect individuals from foreign aggression. It's size is not discussed nor is it necessary to address in such a light; who is to say that the military budget should be $1 million, $1 billion or $1 trillion? It's
nature is the primary characteristic one should focus on, not its size.
The socialist measures the morality of welfare programs first by their intent and secondarily by its size. In today's liberal Democratic Party, the focus is on the homeowner, the uninsured, or the less fortunate. The nature of the program is outlined and then sold to the public with an appeal to altruistic morality. "We must help people stay in their homes", a senator might say without introducing the crass facts such as the extent or size of the program. That senator would never go on television and advocate taxpayers pony up an additional 10% for the poor or needy; the appeal is always made through ethics or morality which influences the nature of government. He would fail if he first presents the scope of the program, and then its intent.
The "fiscal conservative" will not attack the program on its immorality, but rather suggest to "scale it back" or restrict it to a certain class on practical ground. A libertarian fights the program saying that it creates a market inefficiency driving prices up for non-supported individuals in the market to buy, but fight government price inflation to keep equity afloat. Neither will fight the program; the conservative will defend the nature of the program, but fight its extent. The libertarian will ignore the extent of the program and ignore the nature. Morality, says this libertarian, has no place in the political sphere. Thus, the socialist has the advantage over both the conservative and the libertarian as he embraces morality and ignores extent. Extent is not an issue as the public will ignore the overruns and corruption because it is necessary to help those in need.
The socialist may be considered the most evil of the three, but I don't consider him to be. The socialist at least recognizes the moral necessary of politics, namely that statism is driven by the morality of altruism. He doesn't dismiss morality, but rather embraces it. The libertarian disregards morality all together and focuses on the extent of government. Simply by reducing or eliminating government all together, we can achieve liberty and freedom. Thus, the moral purpose of government is all but ignored by the libertarian and this is why the ideology has not gained traction in America.
Be it religion or mythology, Americans generally adhere to systematic belief systems that provide insight into reality, knowledge, ethics and politics. Christianity is the dominant system in the United States and its influence on the government is readily apparent on both sides of the aisle. Nature abhors a vacuum and the universe of thought is no exception. Thus, Americans are inclined to believe in
something whether it is right or wrong and generally resist calls to believe in
nothing. Socialism, and its watered down cousin modern-day liberalism, is inclined to attach itself on the public as religion and other mystical beliefs play a perfect host. By ignoring this, libertarianism is at a terrible disadvantage against its blood rival and it shows when examining recent events such as the bank bailouts, stimulus bills and the state's enhanced reach over private live.